What are the two main causes of meningitis?

• A. Bacteria or virus infection
• B. Fungi and parasites
• C. Autoimmune disease
• D. Allergic reaction

Answer: (A)

Meningitis is most often caused by infectious agents that reach the protective membranes around the brain and spinal cord. The two main culprits you’ll see in exams and in practice are bacterial and viral infections. Bacterial meningitis is typically a medical emergency with rapid onset and can cause severe illness, so urgent antibiotic treatment is essential. Viral meningitis is more common and usually milder, often self-limiting with supportive care. Fungal and parasitic infections can cause meningitis too, but they’re less common and usually occur in people with specific risk factors like immune suppression or particular exposures. Autoimmune processes can lead to aseptic meningitis as well, but they are not the typical infectious causes, and allergic reactions are not a standard cause of meningitis.